Acute phosphate nephropathy, also known as nephrocalcinosis or acute kidney injury due to phosphate toxicity, is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of calcium phosphate crystals in the kidneys, leading to renal dysfunction. There are various synonyms for this condition, including acute renal failure, calcium phosphate nephropathy, acute phosphate nephrotoxicity, phosphate nephropathy, and tubular nephrosis. This condition is commonly seen in patients with impaired kidney function or those who have undergone bowel preparation for diagnostic procedures. Treatment includes discontinuing phosphate-containing medications and providing supportive care. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to preventing permanent damage to the kidneys.