Lithology is the scientific study of rocks, their physical and chemical properties, composition, and origin. In geological terms, lithology is the description of the characteristics of rocks, including their texture, mineralogy, and color. There are several synonyms for lithology, including geology, petrology, and mineralogy. Geology is the study of the earth, its structure, and the processes that shape it. Petrology is the study of rocks and their mineral content, while mineralogy is the study of minerals and their properties. Each synonym provides a different perspective on the study of rocks, and all are essential to understanding the earth's history and how it has formed and changed over time.