Small temporal RNA, commonly referred to as "stRNA," is a vital component of gene regulation in living organisms. This class of RNA is short in length, ranging from 18 to 30 nucleotides, and plays a crucial role in controlling the timing and duration of gene expression during development. Other synonyms for small temporal RNA include "microRNA," "small interfering RNA," and "piwi-interacting RNA." These different types of stRNA serve diverse functions within the cells, and their dysregulation is associated with many diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. Understanding the different types and functions of stRNA is important for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases.