Ventricular hypertrophy is a medical condition where the walls of the heart's lower chambers, or ventricles, become thick and stiff. It is often caused by high blood pressure, valve problems, or genetic factors. Synonyms for ventricular hypertrophy include left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and ventricular enlargement. Other terms that may be used to describe this condition include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, and thickened heart muscle. While ventricular hypertrophy can be a serious condition that can increase the risk of heart attack and heart failure, it can be treated with medication, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery.