Coal oils are volatile hydrocarbons derived from coal, which are used for industrial and commercial purposes. There are various synonyms for coal oils, including coal-tar distillates, coal-tar oils, mineral hydrocarbons, and crude oil. Coal oils are widely used in the manufacturing of asphalt, dyes, paints, and pharmaceutical products. They are also used as feedstocks for the production of gasoline, diesel fuel, and other high-value hydrocarbon products. Despite their many applications, coal oils are associated with environmental and health concerns due to their toxic and carcinogenic properties. As such, researchers are exploring alternative energy sources and cleaner production methods to reduce reliance on coal oils.