Gene targeting involves precisely modifying a gene's structure and function. Synonyms for gene targeting include genome editing, gene editing, genetic engineering, and gene manipulation. Gene therapy is also a related term, although it refers to the use of genetic material to treat or prevent disease rather than specifically targeting a gene. These synonyms reflect the range of techniques available for changing genetic information, from gene knockouts that eliminate a specific gene function, to point mutations that change a single amino acid, to the introduction of whole new genes. Gene targeting has revolutionized many fields and holds promise for treating genetic diseases, developing sustainable agriculture, and more.