Leishmaniasis, also known as Leig disease, is a parasitic infection caused by the Leishmania parasite that spreads through the bite of infected sand flies. There are several synonyms associated with Leig disease. These include Kala-azar, black fever, and visceral leishmaniasis, which are commonly used in South Asia, East Africa, and South America. In the Middle East, the disease is known as Dum-dum fever. Cutaneous leishmaniasis, also referred to as Oriental sore, is another form of the disease that affects the skin. Despite the use of different names, the symptoms and effects of the disease are similar. Common symptoms include fever, swelling of the liver and spleen, and skin lesions, among others.