Moyamoya Disease is a rare vascular condition that affects the arteries of the brain. There are several synonyms that have been used to describe this disease, including moyamoya syndrome, idiopathic moyamoya disease, unilateral moyamoya disease, and familial moyamoya disease. The symptoms typically include strokes, transient ischemic attacks, and seizures, among other neurological deficits. The cause of moyamoya disease is not well understood, but it is thought to be related to genetic or environmental factors. Treatment options include surgery, medication, and other supportive therapies. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for managing the symptoms and preventing complications.