Myelodysplasia is a medical term used to describe a group of disorders caused by abnormalities in the bone marrow. The condition is also commonly known as MDS. Some common synonyms for myelodysplasia include pre-leukemia, bone marrow failure syndrome, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myelodysplastic neoplasms. Each of these terms, like myelodysplasia, refers to a condition that can impair the production of healthy blood cells. Myelodysplasia is a serious medical concern that can affect anyone, but it is most often diagnosed in older adults. Early detection and treatment are key to managing the condition, which may involve medication, blood transfusions, and/or bone marrow transplantation.