Poland Syndrome is a rare congenital disability that affects about three individuals every 100,000 worldwide. It causes underdevelopment or absence of chest muscles on one side of the body. The condition is named after Sir Alfred Poland, a British surgeon who first described it in 1841. Synonyms for Poland Syndrome include Poland's Anomaly, Unilateral Hypoplasia of Pectoralis Muscles, Deficiency of Pectoralis Syndrome, and Congenital Unilateral Absence of Pectoralis Muscle. The condition can cause psychological distress and physical limitations. Treatment options include prosthetics or surgical reconstruction of the missing chest wall muscles. Developmental and physical therapy can also help individuals with Poland Syndrome to manage their symptoms.