The phrase "strip off" has various synonyms depending on the context of use. In terms of removing clothing, synonyms for "strip off" include undress, disrobe, unclothe, and denude. These words all convey the action of removing clothing intentionally. Alternatively, in a non-clothing context, "strip off" can also mean removing a layer or cover from something. Synonyms in this case would be peel, remove, or take off. The phrase could be used to describe the process of removing paint from a wall, for instance. Ultimately, the synonym for "strip off" will depend on the context and intended meaning of the sentence.