Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy is a mouthful of a medical term that refers to a progressive neurological condition caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. This condition has several synonyms, including Binswanger's disease, subcortical leukoencephalopathy, and vascular dementia. These terms are often used interchangeably by physicians to describe a disease that leads to cognitive decline, urinary incontinence, and gait abnormalities. While there is no cure for this disease, treatment options include medications to manage symptoms, lifestyle changes, and physical therapy. Early diagnosis and treatment can help slow the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life for patients.