Subfamily Petauristidae represents a diverse group of gliding mammals commonly known as flying squirrels. These nocturnal animals inhabit forests in North America, Europe, and Asia, and are identified by their unique gliding ability, which is facilitated by a membrane of skin that stretches between their limbs. In scientific literature, Petauristidae is often referred to as gliding squirrels or gliders, due to their remarkable airborne maneuverability. Other synonyms for this subfamily include tree squirrels, phalangers, and marsupial squirrels, which describe their arboreal habits and marsupial-like reproductive system. Overall, the Petauristidae subfamily comprises a fascinating and important example of adaptation and evolution in mammals.