Tay-Sachs disease is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by the breakdown of nerve cells and progressive loss of motor skills and cognitive abilities in children. It is caused by a deficiency in an enzyme called hexosaminidase A, which leads to the accumulation of a fatty substance called ganglioside GM2 in the brain and nervous system. Some synonyms for Tay-Sachs disease include GM2 gangliosidosis, hexosaminidase A deficiency, and infantile amaurotic idiocy. While these terms are used interchangeably to describe the same condition, they all point towards the severe and untreatable nature of this inherited disorder. Early diagnosis and genetic testing can help identify individuals who may carry the Tay-Sachs gene and allow for informed family planning.