Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, also known as prion diseases, are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that occur in humans and animals. These diseases are caused by accumulation of abnormal proteins called prions. Some common synonyms for Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and chronic wasting disease. While these diseases vary in their symptoms, they all share the same underlying cause of prion protein aggregation. Despite ongoing research, there are currently no effective treatments for these diseases, and prevention remains the best approach through measures such as avoiding consumption of contaminated meat products.