Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (TSP) is a neurological disorder that affects the lower limbs and leads to muscle stiffness, spasms, and weakness. It is also known as HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy (HAM), Jamaican Paralysis, and Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Other synonyms for TSP include HTLV-1-Associated Neuromyelopathy, Tropical Ataxic Neuropathy, and Tropical Spastic Myelopathy. Although these terms are used interchangeably, they all refer to the same condition. TSP is caused by a retrovirus that affects the spinal cord, leading to progressive disability. While there is no known cure for TSP, early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.