Bone sclerosis, also known as osteosclerosis, refers to a medical condition characterized by abnormal hardening and thickening of bone tissues. Synonymous terms for bone sclerosis may include osteopetrosis, marble bone disease, and osteosclerotic metaphyseal dysplasia. These synonyms describe different manifestations of bone sclerosis, each with distinct characteristics and underlying causes. Osteopetrosis specifically refers to a group of rare genetic disorders that result in impaired bone resorption, leading to increased bone density. Marble bone disease, as the name implies, suggests a condition where the bones become as hard and dense as marble. Osteosclerotic metaphyseal dysplasia refers to a type of dwarfism marked by abnormal bone growth.