Active immunotherapy refers to a type of therapy that triggers the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. There are various synonyms for the term, including cancer vaccine, immuno-oncology therapy, and therapeutic cancer vaccine. Cancer vaccine is often used interchangeably with active immunotherapy because, like a vaccine that helps the body build immunity against a disease, cancer vaccines prime the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Immuno-oncology therapy focuses on modulating the immune system to detect and kill cancer cells effectively. On the other hand, therapeutic cancer vaccines build on natural immune system responses to fight cancer. Overall, these various synonyms all refer to the same goal - engaging the immune system to help treat cancer.