The biology of gender refers to the scientific study of the genetic, hormonal, and physiological processes that influence the development of gender identity and roles. Synonyms for this term include gender biology, sex differences, sexual dimorphism, and gender development. Gender biology examines the biological basis of sex differences and includes the study of chromosomes, hormones, genetics, brain structure and function. Sexual dimorphism refers to the physical differences between males and females, while gender development is a broader term that encompasses both biological and social factors that shape gender identity and roles. Regardless of terminology, understanding the biology of gender is essential for addressing inequalities and achieving gender equality.