The term EF-TU is an abbreviation for elongation factor Tu, which plays a significant role in protein synthesis. Other synonyms for this term include elongation factor GTP-binding chain, EF-Ts, and translational elongation factor. EF-TU forms a complex with GTP, which facilitates the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome, leading to the elongation of the growing peptide chain. The protein has been extensively studied, and its structural and functional properties have been elucidated. EF-TU is an essential component of the translational machinery, and its activity is regulated by various factors. Understanding the mechanisms controlling its function could have significant implications in the development of new therapeutics targeting protein synthesis.