Penstocks are essentially large valves or gates that regulate the flow of water into and out of reservoirs, dams or power plants. They play a vital role in the management of water resources, especially for the generation of hydropower. Synonyms for the word penstocks include sluice gates, intake gates, control gates, floodgates, regulating valves, stop gates and spillway gates. These terms are often used interchangeably in the context of water management, but they may vary depending on the specific engineering design and function. Regardless of the term used, penstocks are critical in ensuring the efficiency, performance and safety of water infrastructure projects.