Synonyms for the term "suppressor gene" include tumor suppressor gene, anti-oncogene, and caretaker gene. These genes act as a defense mechanism against the formation and growth of cancerous cells within the body. Suppressing the growth of cancer cells occurs through regulating cell division and proliferation, as well as inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis) of abnormal cells. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can result in the loss of their ability to regulate cell growth and division, leading to the development of cancer. The identification and study of suppressor genes has been crucial in understanding the biological processes involved in cancer formation and has led to the development of effective cancer treatments.