The term "vital centers" refers to areas in the body that are essential for maintaining the fundamental functions of life. These areas include the brainstem, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. When referring to the brainstem specifically, the term "medullary centers" is often used. Synonyms for vital centers include essential organs, life-sustaining systems, critical functions, and necessary organs. Other related terms include vital signs, which refers to the measurements of body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate, and life support, which refers to the medical interventions used to sustain vital functions in a critically ill or injured patient.