What is another word for shepherd?
Pronunciation:
[ ʃˈɛpəd], [ ʃˈɛpəd], [ ʃ_ˈɛ_p_ə_d]
Table of Contents
Similar words for shepherd:
- clergyman (noun)
- clergyperson (noun)
- guard (noun)
- guardian (noun)
- keeper (noun)
- leader (noun)
- man of God (noun)
- minister (noun)
- other relevant words (noun)
- person (noun)
- rancher (noun)
- sheepman (noun)
- chaperon (verb)
- conduct (verb)
- convoy (verb)
- direct (verb)
- dispose (verb)
- drive (verb)
- economize (verb)
- govern (verb)
- guard (verb)
- guide (verb)
- lead (verb)
- marshal (verb)
- other relevant words (verb)
- oversee (verb)
- ride herd on (verb)
- route (verb)
- see (verb)
- steer (verb)
- tend (verb)
- other synonyms
- chaperon
- direct
- economize
- other relevant words
- prelate
- ride herd on
- see
- tend
- other relevant words (noun)
Synonyms for Shepherd:
n.
-
•
- director,
- conductor,
- usher,
- pilot,
- show,
- buckaroo,
- dirt farmer,
- cowboy,
- farmer,
- field hand,
- farmhand.
- sky scouts,
- turn around collars,
- harp polishers,
- turn around collar,
- devil dodgers,
- the revs,
- turn-around collars,
- turnaround collars,
- turnaround collar.
- bi shop,
- arch bishops,
- bi shops,
- arch bishop,
- arch-bishop,
- churchpeople,
- person cloth,
- ecclesiasts,
- person god,
- arch-bishops,
- bi-shops,
- pulpiteers,
- bi-shop,
- person of cloth,
- person the cloth,
- blackcoats,
- pulpitarians,
- predicants.
- pre-servers,
- over seer,
- pre servers,
- super visor,
- over-seers,
- cerberu,
- super-visors,
- pre-server,
- pre server,
- over seers.
- man of the cloth,
- controllers,
- wrangler,
- gaucho,
- Predicant,
- cowhand,
- doyens,
- grazier,
- the rev,
- over-seer,
- stockman,
- vigilantes,
- superintendent,
- vigilante,
- diocesan,
- preserver,
- churchpersons,
- drover,
- herdsman,
- grangers,
- Bible thumpers,
- churchman,
- Ranchmen,
- padre,
- clergyman,
- chaser,
- cowherder,
- cowkeeper,
- watchdogs,
- cattle farmer,
- archdeacon,
- vaqueros,
- bouncer,
- sitter,
- reverend,
- pulpitarian,
- Blackcoat,
- rancher,
- cardinals,
- drovers,
- Rancheros,
- pastor,
- warden,
- archbishops,
- sermonizers,
- preservers,
- Padri,
- watchdog,
- convoyer,
- leader,
- controller,
- vaquero,
- cattleman,
- cerberus,
- Gauchos,
- herders,
- Ecclesiast,
- Stockmen,
- cowhands,
- clergyperson,
- Churchmen,
- monsignor,
- clericals,
- sermonizer,
- devil dodger,
- farmers,
- vicar,
- doyen,
- wranglers,
- overseers,
- diocesans,
- rev,
- watchperson,
- cattlemen,
- luminary,
- ruler,
- Ranchman,
- person of the cloth,
- cassock,
- REVS,
- archbishop,
- cowpoke,
- bible thumper,
- guardian,
- pacesetter,
- sky scout,
- chasers,
- bird dog,
- stock breeder,
- keeper,
- archdeacons,
- cassocks,
- lion,
- generals,
- Monsignors,
- harp polisher,
- breeder,
- sitters,
- cowpokes,
- cowgirl,
- cowgirls,
- breeders,
- churchperson,
- minister,
- counsellor,
- babysitter,
- counsellors,
- granger,
- turn-around collar,
- bouncers,
- Ranchero,
- baby sitter,
- Pulpiteer,
- ringleader,
- herder,
- Padres.
v.
• chaperon (verb)- consorts with,
- super vising,
- consorting with,
- super vised,
- consorted with,
- super vise,
- super-vise,
- watches over,
- super-vised.
- calling tune,
- trailblazed,
- calls the tune,
- call tune,
- called the tune,
- presides over,
- calling the tune,
- ran things,
- wielded baton,
- wielding baton,
- presiding over,
- calls tune,
- runs things,
- called tune,
- wields baton,
- trailblazes.
- being the driver seat,
- being in the driver seat,
- are in the driver seat,
- hadst say,
- wast the driver seat,
- were in driver seat,
- was the driver seat,
- art in the drivers seat,
- in-tending,
- takes the reins,
- in-tends,
- super intended,
- was in the driver seat,
- sighted on,
- being in driver seat,
- wert in the driver's seat,
- was in drivers seat,
- wert in the drivers seat,
- points the way,
- was driver seat,
- is the driver seat,
- are driver's seat,
- hath the say,
- in-cline,
- is the driver's seat,
- controlled the affairs of,
- were the drivers seat,
- quarterbacked,
- hath say,
- is in driver's seat,
- taking the reins,
- wert driver's seat,
- having the say,
- runs the show,
- was in driver seat,
- am driver seat,
- are the drivers seat,
- was in the drivers seat,
- had the say,
- sights on,
- ran the show,
- is in drivers seat,
- points way,
- point way,
- were drivers seat,
- be the drivers seat,
- are in driver seat,
- be the driver's seat,
- were the driver's seat,
- ran show,
- taking reins,
- controls affairs of,
- control affairs of,
- was driver's seat,
- hast the say,
- super intend,
- in-clines,
- heading up,
- pointed way,
- be driver seat,
- runs show,
- wast in driver seat,
- are driver seat,
- super intends,
- wast in the drivers seat,
- is the drivers seat,
- were the driver seat,
- being in the driver's seat,
- controls the affairs of,
- super intending,
- is driver seat,
- pointed the way,
- am in driver's seat,
- were in the drivers seat,
- in clines,
- zeroing in,
- art in driver's seat,
- were driver seat,
- are in the driver's seat,
- wert in drivers seat,
- be in the drivers seat,
- run show,
- be in the driver seat,
- wert the drivers seat,
- is in the driver seat,
- wert the driver seat,
- being in the drivers seat,
- am the driver's seat,
- hast say,
- am the drivers seat,
- took reins,
- art in the driver seat,
- takes reins,
- art in drivers seat,
- am in drivers seat,
- in tending,
- in cline,
- moves in,
- be in driver seat,
- wert driver seat,
- art the driver seat,
- is in driver seat,
- super-intended,
- art the driver's seat,
- am the driver seat,
- wast in drivers seat,
- be in drivers seat,
- in-tend,
- are the driver seat,
- be the driver seat,
- art the drivers seat,
- running show,
- has the say,
- zeroes in,
- running the show,
- pre-sents,
- pointing way,
- controlled affairs of,
- are drivers seat,
- are in drivers seat,
- wert drivers seat,
- is in the drivers seat,
- art in driver seat,
- were in the driver's seat,
- wast in driver's seat,
- haddest say,
- wert in driver's seat,
- be driver's seat,
- sighting on,
- was in driver's seat,
- art in the driver's seat,
- took the reins,
- am in driver seat,
- is driver's seat,
- being in driver's seat,
- was the driver's seat,
- being the drivers seat,
- in-tended,
- being the driver's seat,
- wast driver seat,
- wast the driver's seat,
- had say,
- wast the drivers seat,
- haddest the say,
- super-intends,
- wert in the driver seat,
- were in the driver seat,
- wert in driver seat,
- were in drivers seat,
- in tends,
- hadst the say,
- in tend,
- super-intending,
- was the drivers seat,
- wast drivers seat,
- were in driver's seat,
- super-intend,
- controlling the affairs of,
- controlling affairs of,
- wast driver's seat,
- be drivers seat,
- am drivers seat,
- was drivers seat,
- being in drivers seat,
- take reins,
- wast in the driver seat,
- pre sent,
- being drivers seat,
- is in the driver's seat,
- in tended,
- has say,
- have say,
- being driver's seat,
- are in driver's seat,
- pre-sent,
- are in the drivers seat,
- am driver's seat,
- moved in,
- wert the driver's seat,
- are the driver's seat,
- having say,
- was in the driver's seat,
- pointing the way,
- being driver seat,
- is drivers seat,
- were driver's seat,
- wast in the driver's seat.
- dis posed,
- lays down law,
- made willing,
- in duces,
- dis pose,
- pro-moting,
- pre-dispose,
- pre disposing,
- makes willing,
- dis tributes,
- laid down law,
- lays down the law,
- dis-posed,
- sets in order,
- pre disposes,
- putting ones foot down,
- dis posing,
- reading the riot act,
- in-duces,
- reads the riot act,
- pre-disposes,
- pre-disposing,
- puts rights,
- putting to rights,
- pro-mote,
- lay down law,
- putting rights,
- laying down law,
- laying down the law,
- putting one's foot down,
- pro moting,
- pre dispose,
- puts ones foot down,
- puts foot down,
- put ones foot down,
- pre-pared,
- dis-pose,
- putting foot down,
- puts one's foot down,
- dis-tributes,
- putting one foot down,
- laid down the law,
- puts one foot down,
- setting order,
- dis-posing,
- pre-disposed,
- in-duce,
- put one foot down,
- setting in order,
- pre pares,
- put rights,
- sets order,
- pre-pare,
- set order,
- making willing,
- reading riot act,
- in duce,
- pre-paring,
- dis tribute,
- pre pared,
- dis-tribute,
- pre pare,
- puts to rights,
- reads riot act,
- pro-motes,
- pre paring.
- over-burdened,
- in spiring,
- over-burdening,
- leaned on,
- puts to,
- leant on,
- steamrolls,
- acted up on,
- leans on,
- spirited up,
- puts up to,
- steamrolling,
- over work,
- in spire,
- over-working,
- over-work,
- wrought on,
- acts up on,
- over working,
- over worked,
- in-spiring,
- spirits up,
- acts upon,
- in spires,
- acting upon,
- over burdening,
- over-burdens,
- spiriting up,
- over works,
- in-spires,
- over-works,
- act up on,
- over burden,
- acting up on,
- over burdens,
- putting to,
- over burdened,
- putting up to,
- over-worked,
- in-spire,
- in spired,
- steamrolled,
- works on,
- in-spired.
- payed ones way,
- tightens belt,
- runs tight ship,
- met budget,
- being frugal,
- pays ones way,
- tightening ones belt,
- tighten ones belt,
- keeps within means,
- payed one way,
- tightened one's belt,
- keeping within means,
- pays way,
- tightens one belt,
- art frugal,
- pays one way,
- tightens one's belt,
- meets budget,
- tighten one belt,
- meeting budget,
- tightening belt,
- stretched a dollar,
- re-trenches,
- meets a budget,
- are frugal,
- pay one way,
- was frugal,
- running tight ship,
- wast sparing,
- ran tight ship,
- being prudent,
- paying one's way,
- were frugal,
- tightening one's belt,
- were prudent,
- paid ones way,
- art sparing,
- being sparing,
- cutting corners,
- re trenching,
- are sparing,
- paid one's way,
- stretching a dollar,
- paying one way,
- stretching dollar,
- cuts corners,
- making ends meet,
- tightened ones belt,
- wast prudent,
- met a budget,
- stretches a dollar,
- tightened one belt,
- are prudent,
- re-trench,
- re-trenched,
- was sparing,
- tightens ones belt,
- re trenches,
- tightened belt,
- wert sparing,
- stretches dollar,
- tightening one belt,
- am sparing,
- stretch dollar,
- were sparing,
- is prudent,
- re trench,
- wast frugal,
- makes ends meet,
- stretched dollar,
- made ends meet,
- meeting a budget,
- re-trenching,
- is frugal,
- pay ones way,
- meet budget,
- wert prudent,
- payed one's way,
- paid one way,
- wert frugal,
- paid way,
- is sparing,
- paying ones way,
- was prudent,
- paying way,
- am prudent,
- payed way,
- art prudent,
- pays one's way,
- pay way,
- re trenched,
- kept within means.
- re strained,
- gets the better of,
- under-lay,
- re strains,
- gotten better of,
- sub due,
- directionalized,
- under lay,
- under-lied,
- re straining,
- re strain,
- sub-due,
- under lied,
- directionalizes,
- sub-dues,
- under lain,
- directionalizing,
- gat better of,
- getting better of,
- got better of,
- gat the better of,
- re-straining,
- sub dues,
- gotten the better of,
- under-lain,
- re-strains,
- getting the better of,
- under-lying,
- get better of,
- re-strain,
- re-strained,
- got the better of,
- underlied,
- gets better of.
- kept in view,
- keeping under surveillance,
- rode shotgun for,
- lookouted,
- keeps under surveillance,
- pre serving,
- kept under surveillance,
- rid shotgun for,
- saw after,
- kept view,
- kept eye on,
- pre-served,
- rides shotgun for,
- baby sit,
- pre-serves,
- pre-serving,
- keep eye on,
- keep view,
- keeping view,
- keeps eye on,
- keeping an eye on,
- pre served,
- pre-serve,
- keeps view,
- riding shotgun for,
- pre serves,
- keeps an eye on,
- seeing after,
- keeping eye on,
- lookouting,
- pre serve,
- keeps in view,
- sees after,
- keeping in view.
- haddest handle on,
- coxswaining,
- hath handle on,
- haddest a handle on,
- had handle on,
- hath a handle on,
- hadst a handle on,
- showing way,
- having handle on,
- co unselling,
- showed the way,
- has a handle on,
- shows way,
- co-unselling,
- showed way,
- showing the way,
- had a handle on,
- hadst handle on,
- has handle on,
- having a handle on,
- shows the way,
- hast handle on,
- have handle on,
- show way,
- coxswained,
- hast a handle on.
- found a way,
- intro duces,
- pre-ceding,
- got jump on,
- pre vailed,
- wert responsible for,
- pre-ceded,
- gets jump on,
- find way,
- pre-vails,
- gat jump on,
- pre vailing,
- get jump on,
- being responsible for,
- shows around,
- showed around,
- went out front,
- pre ceded,
- got the jump on,
- trail blazed,
- intro-duces,
- pre ceding,
- pre cedes,
- went out in front,
- pro duces,
- pre cede,
- art responsible for,
- pre-vail,
- passes along,
- showing around,
- gets the jump on,
- pro-duces,
- getting the jump on,
- results in,
- pre-vailed,
- passing along,
- intro-duce,
- showing in,
- going out front,
- pre-cedes,
- gat the jump on,
- shows in,
- found way,
- finds a way,
- pre vails,
- trail blaze,
- gotten the jump on,
- intro duce,
- finding a way,
- was responsible for,
- pre vail,
- going out in front,
- trail blazes,
- trail blazing,
- pro duce,
- are responsible for,
- wast responsible for,
- am responsible for,
- finds way,
- goes out in front,
- finding way,
- go out front,
- goes out front,
- pre-cede,
- showed in,
- were responsible for,
- getting jump on,
- gotten jump on.
- keeps one's eye on,
- over-see,
- sitting on top of,
- sits top of,
- kept one eye on,
- sate on top of,
- over-seen,
- keeping ones eye on,
- over looks,
- over seeing,
- over-looks,
- keep one eye on,
- kept ones eye on,
- over-looking,
- over look,
- sit top of,
- in spects,
- over see,
- over-sees,
- keeps ones eye on,
- over saw,
- over looked,
- in-spect,
- sat on top of,
- in spect,
- keeping one eye on,
- keeping one's eye on,
- over-saw,
- sat top of,
- over-seeing,
- over-look,
- over sees,
- over seen,
- kept one's eye on,
- in-spects,
- sate top of,
- sitting top of,
- keep ones eye on,
- sits on top of,
- keeps one eye on.
- dis patches,
- dis-patching,
- dis-patch,
- dis patching,
- dis-patched,
- dis patched,
- dis patch,
- dis-patches.
- associating with,
- bare company,
- kept company with,
- pops in,
- dropped by,
- bears company,
- came over,
- spake to,
- ran in to,
- runs in to,
- speaks to,
- drops by,
- stopt by,
- running in to,
- associates with,
- keeping company with,
- dropping by,
- popping in,
- comes over,
- run in to,
- coming over,
- stops in,
- bore company,
- beared company,
- stops by,
- stopt in,
- stopping by,
- bearing company,
- dropt by,
- stopped by,
- stopped in,
- stopping in.
Other synonyms:
-
•
- parade,
- convey,
- pluck,
- cart off,
- accompany,
- tag along,
- put,
- stick with,
- frogmarch,
- haul off,
- show out,
- throng,
- herd,
- march,
- walk,
- race,
- urge,
- swarm,
- bring around,
- leave behind,
- bring along,
- bundle.
-
•
- speed,
- latch onto,
- string along,
- rush,
- see out,
- come along.
- zero in,
- targeting,
- point the way,
- Targeted,
- sight on,
- move in,
- moving in,
- take the reins,
- quarterbacking,
- be in the driver's seat,
- heads up,
- have the say,
- head up,
- control the affairs of,
- run the show,
- call shots,
- zeroed in,
- headed up,
- quarterbacks,
- quarterback.
- pinched pennies,
- pay one's way,
- pinch pennies,
- pinching pennies,
- be frugal,
- make ends meet,
- pinches pennies,
- meet a budget,
- cut corners,
- economize,
- run tight ship,
- tighten one's belt,
- tighten belt,
- stretch a dollar,
- keep within means,
- be prudent,
- be sparing.
- Chaired,
- covering up,
- governed,
- working on,
- escort,
- overburdened,
- put to rights,
- act upon,
- piloting,
- take the helm,
- keep an eye on,
- put one's foot down,
- result in,
- look after,
- Operated,
- set in order,
- have a handle on,
- find a way,
- passes on,
- resulted in,
- passed along,
- guarding,
- headed for,
- Chairing,
- conduct,
- be in driver's seat,
- captained,
- ride herd on,
- keep under surveillance,
- get the better of,
- hasten,
- looked after,
- trailblazing,
- covers up,
- marshal,
- spacing,
- shows,
- keep one's eye on,
- babysit,
- Disciplining,
- preside over,
- govern,
- head for,
- taking over,
- coxswains,
- go along with,
- go out in front,
- oversee,
- goose,
- spearhead,
- run things,
- Beaconed,
- call the tune,
- operate,
- Policed,
- drive,
- companioning,
- direct,
- see after,
- route,
- show the way,
- go with,
- leading,
- put to,
- see,
- directionalize,
- Bulwarking,
- Beaconing,
- Companying,
- trail-blazed,
- show around,
- fend,
- take over,
- cover up,
- railroaded,
- rout,
- pass on,
- Policing,
- underlie,
- ride shotgun for,
- presided over,
- Bulwarked,
- goosed,
- trail-blazes,
- shotgunning,
- passed on,
- lay down the law,
- Overseeing,
- read riot act,
- captaining,
- dispose,
- Escorted,
- spirit up,
- polices,
- railroading,
- steer,
- companioned,
- sit on top of,
- be responsible for,
- over-burden,
- covered up,
- trail-blaze,
- looking after,
- steamroll,
- convoy,
- trail-blazing,
- show in,
- governs,
- Helming,
- disciplined,
- underlay,
- Companied,
- coxswain,
- lines up,
- guide,
- taking out,
- put foot down,
- Piloted,
- get the jump on,
- Spanned,
- lining up,
- over-wrought,
- underlies,
- looks after,
- trailblaze,
- railroad,
- inspires,
- skippering,
- partnering,
- shotgun,
- goosing,
- is responsible for,
- Shotguns,
- helm,
- Helmed,
- chaperon,
- resulting in,
- leaning on,
- keep in view,
- line up,
- took out,
- work on,
- running things,
- oversees,
- shotgunned,
- lean on,
- make willing,
- pass along,
- skippered,
- kept an eye on,
- passing on,
- worked on,
- put up to,
- partnered,
- acted upon,
- wield baton,
- gooses,
- underlain,
- lead,
- read the riot act.
- stop by,
- run into,
- speak to,
- associate with,
- going out with,
- speaking to,
- associated with,
- spoke to,
- bear company,
- go out with,
- went out with,
- keeps company with,
- come over,
- popped in,
- stop in,
- drop by,
- goes out with,
- keep company with,
- ran into,
- running into,
- pop in.
- catered to,
- took care of,
- caters to,
- cater to,
- take under wing,
- catering to,
- keep tabs on,
- takes care of.
- earthly,
- dragoman,
- bodyguard,
- gamekeeper,
- Matronize,
- minister to,
- veterinary surgeon,
- collect,
- major-domo,
- squire,
- managerial,
- secretarial,
- trainer,
- religious,
- custodian,
- punch cattle,
- tour guide,
- farmworker,
- presbyter,
- swain,
- nurse,
- attend,
- guardian angel,
- lead on,
- nurture,
- factotum,
- minister of religion,
- procurator,
- governor,
- ministerial,
- steersman,
- spiritual father,
- help,
- rector,
- take out,
- abbe,
- chaplain,
- veterinarian,
- foreman,
- sacerdotal,
- protege,
- mother,
- preserve,
- patriarch,
- Swanherd,
- croupier,
- automatic pilot,
- cowpuncher,
- prick,
- profane,
- steerer,
- fellow traveler,
- esquire,
- swineherd,
- goatherd,
- safe-conduct,
- lifeguard,
- Holy Joe,
- pious,
- conservator,
- ranger,
- Castellan,
- assist,
- secretary of state,
- Landreeve,
- organizational,
- gather together,
- drove,
- finance,
- secretary,
- mercury,
- pigman,
- aid,
- watch out for,
- horse wrangler,
- air warden,
- cicerone,
- Waddy,
- cage,
- take charge of,
- cowherd,
- provide for,
- courier,
- river pilot,
- navigate,
- gooseherd,
- duenna,
- apiarian,
- goad,
- apiarist,
- steward,
- clerical,
- spur,
- cleric,
- ambassador,
- laic,
- horse doctor,
- parson,
- control,
- take care of,
- companion,
- mind,
- seneschal,
- conduce,
- angel,
- Guider,
- corral,
- lifesaver,
- care for,
- cowman,
- confessor,
- puncher,
- go,
- boatheader,
- pursue,
- proctor,
- preacher,
- factor,
- attend to,
- bailiff,
- take the lead,
- next friend,
- cherish,
- man of God,
- Directorial,
- foster,
- keep watch over,
- conserve,
- ride herd,
- theocratic,
- clerk,
- support,
- agent,
- middleman,
- deputy,
- wait on,
- envoy,
- look to,
- ecclesiastic,
- whip,
- Neatherd,
- fly,
- Parsonical,
- game warden,
- sheepherder,
- servant of god,
- look out for,
- hold the reins,
- forest ranger,
- lash,
- gather,
- housekeeper,
- sheepdog,
- warder,
- wrangle,
- see to,
- secular,
- father,
- farrier,
- worldly,
- contribute,
- administrative,
- take,
- divine,
- sky pilot,
- Hierophant,
- priest,
- cure,
- navigator,
- janitor,
- give,
- guidepost,
- curator,
- baby-sit,
- priestly,
- capitular,
- accounting,
- organize,
- horseherd,
- cavalier,
- helmsman,
- vet,
- pointer,
- curate,
- military chaplain,
- public administrator,
- Hogherd.
How to use "Shepherd" in context?
When most people think of a shepherd, they likely imagine a furry creature keeping watch over a flock of sheep. However, there are actually many different types of shepherds, each with their own unique tasks.
The traditional shepherd has always been a key player in landed animal husbandry, and their work is still vital today. Shepherds herded sheep, cattle, and other livestock across vast tracts of land, ensuring that they were fed, watered, and safeguarded from danger. These days, shepherds can be found tending smaller herds of cattle, sheep, and other animals as part of a ranch or farming operation.
Paraphrases for Shepherd:
Paraphrases are highlighted according to their relevancy:
-
Independent
-
Noun, singular or mass
keeper.
-
Noun, singular or mass
-
Other Related
-
Proper noun, singular
pasteur, Berger.
-
Adverb
Berger.
-
Interjection
Berger.
-
Proper noun, singular
Homophones for Shepherd:
- sabertooth, shepard, shipboard, seaboard, saber-toothed, sport, sowbread, sick parade, shipboard duty, safe period, separate out, ship route, savoyard, Shepperd, sick berth, superhet, sabertoothed, suppurate, separate, spread head, sparidae, sparta, sprout, support, spirited, severed, superiority, severity, sheep rot, subvert, spirit away, shoebird, sprite, spread-out, sprat, spheroid, Sauce Verte, spurt, sprit, sea bird, subpart, separated, spreadhead, sheperd, scabbard, sparid, seaport, sporty, spread out, sobriety, spread, Sheppard, spearhead, Sephardi, shipyard, supported, seabird, spirit, sabre-toothed, soapwort, schubert, siegfried, sprouted, sybarite, spirt, soubrette.
Hyponym for Shepherd:
Word of the Day
- Synonyms:
- Cartulary.